From the article:
| VPN | HQ & Eyes Alliance | Latest Independent Audit | Real-World Test | Retention Verdict* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ExpressVPN | British Virgin Islands (no data-retention laws) | KPMG ISAE 3000 Type I, Feb 2025 (ExpressVPN) | Split-tunnelling DNS leak disclosed Feb 2024 (patched) | Gold-standard. RAM-only fleet, annual audits, BVI jurisdiction. |
| NordVPN | Panama | Deloitte 5th audit, Dec 2024 (NordVPN) | 2018 server breach – no logs leaked | Regular audits and positive breach outcome. |
| Surfshark | Netherlands (9-Eyes) | Deloitte, Jan 2023 (Surfshark) | TunnelCrack Wi-Fi leak (Aug 2023) → patched in <7 days. | Strong audit hygiene but concerning jurisdiction. |
| Proton VPN | Switzerland | Securitum, Apr 2024 (securitum.com) | N/A | Open-source clients + Swiss privacy laws. |
| Mullvad | Sweden (14-Eyes) | Assured AB config audit 2023 | Swedish police raid Apr 18 2023 left empty-handed (Mullvad VPN) | Minimal-data design proven in the wild. |
| Private Internet Access | USA (5-Eyes) | Deloitte, Apr 2024 (Private Internet Access) | Multiple US subpoenas produced no logs | Paper-trail-verified despite US HQ. |
| CyberGhost | Romania (EU, outside Eyes) | Deloitte, May 2024 (CyberGhost VPN) | N/A | Second audit boosts trust. |
| TunnelBear | Canada (5-Eyes) | Cure53 7th audit, Dec 2023 (TunnelBear: Secure VPN Service) | N/A | Longest unbroken audit streak. |
| Windscribe | Canada (5-Eyes) | Cure53 server image audit 2022 | 2025 Greek/Canadian court case upheld no-logs stance (Tom’s Guide) | Policy tested – passed. |
| Hotspot Shield | USA (5-Eyes) | Performance/security review by AV-Test only; no dedicated no-logs audit (vpnMentor) | AV-TEST performance audit only; no no-logs audit to date. (CVE Details) | Speed king, privacy laggard. |
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The only gold standard here, is this article being the gold standard for hand-wavy “truths”.
Such a load of BS. Mullvad is the only one so far that has not squealed.
They lost me at calling ExpressVPN the gold standard. Even their audit is bs. KPMG is the same company that provides the “always-on” audit to PureVPN.
Any article that still uses the “eyes” as a factor in their evaluation is a massive red flag. Very public intelligence alliances are the least of your worries.