There’s 10⁹ living cells in a gram of surface soil, and in 20 km depth that reduces to 10⁶ cells per gram, but they’re still alive and actively metabolizing down there! eating rock, mmhm tasty rock oh yeah! :p
they have cell turnover rates of hundreds of years though, so they age very slowly and multiply very slowly due to energy shortage.
Life uhh… find a way.
I wonder if they ever check samples from like meteors, asteroids or moon rocks for evidence of that kind of organism.
Yes, it’s done often.
Thank you for posting that, i had no idea
Well those would have gone on my bucket list, but then towards the end, as I was searching for them to name the chemical responsible;
He and his team are still trying to identify the chemical compound responsible for the hallucinations in L. asiatica. Current tests suggest it is not likely related to any other known psychedelic compound. For one, the trips it produces are unusually long, commonly lasting one to three days after an onset of 12 to 24 hours, and in some cases even causing hospital stays of up to a week. Because of the extraordinarily long duration of these trips and the chance for prolonged side effects such as delirium and dizziness, Domnauer has yet to try the raw mushrooms himself.
A few days to a week? I’m very much reconsidering.
98.62% of the uranium-235 in the Little Boy bomb was blown apart before fission. That leaves 1.38% that actually fissioned. That was 0.7 grams of U-235, about the size of a bb and the weight of a butterfly that destroyed Hiroshima.
80% of the neurons in your brain are in your cerebellum
Pluto is smaller than RussiaEdit: this fact seems to rely on a contested measurement for pluto. I guess it would still be true if we look at volume but that’s kinda weird.
What
Edit : apparently, counting surface areas, it’s wrong, but by surprisingly little
Maybe the factoid first became popular when the USSR existed
I see 17 million sq km for Russia, and 16 million sq km for Pluto.
Idk I saw something like 17.1 for Russia and 17.4 for Pluto
Yeah it seems that Pluto got bigger since I learned this fact, and AI summary is also out dated
Edit to add: I hope it’s obvious I meant our estimate of the surface area of Pluto increased, not that I think Pluto is growing.
Out of curiosity, if they had Ukraine–would they then surpass it?
On average the universe is empty space.
The Milky Way and Andromeda are on a direct collision course and in all probability there won’t be a single star collision at least on the first pass.
I’m sure you’re also referring to empty atoms too heh
Quantum mechanics
A. Spooky action at a distance
B. Schrodinger’s cat
C. God does play dice
D. One of the most well tested theories in science
E. Is the underpinning for semi-conductors and lasers
The people who deny reality exists (“Schrodinger’s cat”) do so specifically because they want to preserve locality (no “Spooky action at a distance”), because Bell proved in 1964 that physical reality is not compatible with locality. If you accept that reality is not local (“Spooky action at a distance”) then there is no reason to deny realism (“Schrodinger’s cat”).
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There are more hydrogen atoms in a single molecule of water than there are stars in the solar system.
:P
I think I read somewhere we nearly were a binary star system with jupiter as the second star, if not for the rest of the gasses formed saturn which also made sure that jupiter moved out.
I remember briefly hearing that speculation but then PBS Spacetime putting that theory to bed by explaining that (IIRC) Jupiter would have to be much more massive for it to have had a chance at becoming a brown star.
For now…
you mean the galaxy, a solar system usually has 1 star.
And a water molecule has 2 hydrogen atoms…
Yeah and how many hydrogen atoms are there in a SINGLE water molecule?
Woosh!
If memory serves, binary star systems are more common but the statement was specifically on the system around Sol
Some have more than one, and no solar system has zero stars, so the average is greater than one.
What about when the stars degrade into a dwarf?
All the planets in the solar system can fit between the earth and the moon
Australia is wider than the moon. If earth had the size of a football (soccer), the moon would be about 7m away. If the sun had a diameter of 1m, Neptune would be 5.6km away. In that scale model, the next star would be placed in the outer planets. Space is insanely big.
I’m confused what you mean by wider. As far as I can tell Australia is about 4000km wide and the moon’s circumference is about 11000km
EDIT: it’s late and I am dumb, I take it you mean the moon’s diameter! 3474km
7 meters?
I looked up the circumference of a football and it said about 70cm. As the moon is about 10 times the circumference of the earth away, that’d put the moon at 7m away.
Diameter or circumference?
A 70cm diameter soccer ball (>2 ft across) would be kinda fun. Except headers the CTE would be even worse!
All Very true facts. I admit I was and am still taken aback by the measurement and extrapolation of linear distances using… circumference.
You could calculate it more accurately, of course. But the relationship between earth’s circumference and the distance to the moon is roughly 1:10, purely by coincidence, making it easy to calculate an estimate when scaling earth up or down.
Yeah it’s a weird way to make the distances sound shorter than pi*(a measurement we all can visualize).
That’s insane when you really think about it.
I doubt we’ll ever leave our systemIf you count Voyager, we already have.
Otherwise … Yea, I’ll be surprised if society in general even makes it to 2100 unscathed.
Voyager is fantastic, but it’s still way, way closer to the solar system than anything else.
An excerpt from Wikipedia:
At this rate, it would need about 17,565 years to travel a single light-year.[78] To compare, Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun, is about 4.2 light-years (2.65×105 AU) distant. If the spacecraft was traveling in the direction of that star, it would take 73,775 years to reach it. Voyager 1 is heading in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus.
Yes, and they are still on a galactic orbit, not a solar orbit. They are, unquestionably, the first things we’re sending off, regardless of whether they arrive anywhere substantial.
This is why I don’t get excited to hear about the discovery of ‘Earth-like planets’ 182 light years away.
30 years ago we didn’t even know for sure if planets around other stars was a common thing and had no expectation we’d actually know their chemical compositions
Bad news with the AMOC modeling yesterday. 2100 is starting to seem optimistic…
And murcury is the closest planet to all of them!
Gonna need a fact check on this one.
Are we counting the gas of Jupiter or just the solid core? Same for the others
Actually, Jupiter doesn’t have a solid core the way you think! The gases just get so dense at the core that it starts to behave like a solid. You couldn’t, like, blow away all the clouds and have some rock to wander around on.
I assumed the hydrogen had become condensed into a crystal solid? Or at least, that’s the current theory
Whole planets. You do have to cant Saturn because the rings don’t fit
thats why you just flip Saturn so the rings unobtrusively stick up and down and not horizontal
they’re ephemeral anyway
Sharks are older than trees
They are also older than the rings of Saturn.
Sharks are older than fire.
Sharks existed before there was enough O2 in the atmosphere to sustain a fire.
What. The. Fuck.
The real facts are in the sub-comments
They must have been really hungry for a long time before their staple diet of attractive people on beaches arrived :D
Also trees existed before bacteria did. So when a tree died it just fell over and sat there for a while. Never decomposing
I don’t think trees are older than bacteria in general. Bacteria still existed, it’s just that bacteria didn’t develop the ability to break down wood until long after trees had come on the scene
The earliest trees evolved around 400 million years ago.
The ancestors of bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.[23] For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.
It’d be remarkably fortuitous if bacteria evolved to break down wood before wood existed.
Yeah, I was quick in writing that comment
that isnt true, there was no decomposing fungi, bacteria that evolved yet at the time of the carbiniferous peroid, and those “tree” were actually gigantic gametophytes(posessing half the chromosomes) of early bryophytes. the actual first tree dint evolve til after that peroid.
Wild fires must have been insane.
Toads swallow food with their eyes. When they snag some food into their mouth they close their eyelids, and their eyes go inside and help push food down the throat before coming back up to the front of the head.
Sounds like a usefull skill for the next all you can eat buffet.
That would bring new meaning to “eyes bigger than your stomach”
It’s always fascinating for me to learn about the totally unexpected and “creative” solutions evolution “comes up” with, real or simulated.
Time derivatives!
- Rate of change in position is called velocity
- Rate of change in velocity is called acceleration
- Rate of change in acceleration is called jerk
- Rate of change in jerk is called snap
- Rate of change in snap is called crackle
- Rate of change in crackle is called pop
And if I recall correctly
- Rate of change in pop is called lock
- Rate of change in lock is called drop
When the fuck could those possibly be useful? 😆🙃
Getting them just right is important for driverless cars learning to brake in a way that feels comfortable to humans
Not sure about anything past crackle, but minimum snap trajectory is widely used in efficient path planning for quadcopters.
IIRC the James Webb had/has max snap, crackle and pop tolerances. Not sure about these two.
I can’t even comprehend what something beyond jerk means in reality or how to even produce it by physical means
Well these are higher order derivatives, so they do have physical meaning but the latter ones are increasingly abstract and subtle from our normal earthly perspective.
If you think of a stable and perfectly circular orbit, that’s a steady and constant acceleration. Then if you thrust to make it elliptical, you’re changing the acceleration which can be measured as jerk. But then if that thrust itself is variable, you can measure its changes as snap. And then of course the rate of how much you change that is crackle, and so on.
If I was working with those concepts, I’d just start using numbers.
Like, acceleration is v2, jerk is v3, and so on.
These are n th order mathematical derivatives so I’m pretty sure physicists do something very similar to that whenever n matters.
They aren’t useful. It is just scientists memeing. Any research that involves anything past jerk would be esoteric.
In aerodynamics I guess
This explains the sounds when I move to get up, these days.
Is it snap? You might have to slow down your rate of jerk
I hope it’s not it Canonical might sue them.
Snap crackle pop and Bob’s your uncle, easy peasy
Wait, what. 🤩
Don’t forget jitter, now!
Which one is jitter?
Jitter is a technical term for latency variations between Internet packets over time.
High jitter is bad for VoIP and online gaming and potentially streaming if the jitter is caused by packet loss and retransmits.
None of those, but I think a series of irregular jerks could be considered jitter.
So trump, elon and hegseth form a jitter?
I only know jitter as irregularity in data flow (e.g. network packets).
Jerk is sometimes called jolt though. Both terms seem fitting to me. Supposedly in roller coaster design, having too much jerk/jolt can be quite unpleasant for riders. Which kind of makes sense, if the acceleration varies too wildly I could see that making me sick.
I only know jitter from electronics as well, but it could be applied in mechanics as well. Iirc, jitter is the irregularities in the intervals in a periodic signal, like data transfer. But jitter will be present in anything with a period, it doesn’t have to be digital signal. A jerk is a single action, so there is no period and there can be no jitter. A series of jerks could have a seemingly regular period, but when measured more accurately, the intervals between jerks will have small variances: jitter. Hence why imo a series of irregular jerks could be considered jittery.
Noone ever uses it that way though and I’m not even sure that I phrased it correctly, but because of the word “jerk” I find it a mildly fun play on words.
If you took all the DNA from every cell of one person and laid it in a straight line they would die
Relevant xkcd: How long would you survive with no DNA?
Red grapefruits were originally created by planting yellow grapefruit near a radioactive source with the express purpose of creating mutations in the plant.
Radioactivity and chemical mutagens are normal methods of creating new traits in crops. That’s how new varieties of fruits, grains etc. are often created. Nobody knows what exactly it does on the genomic level, usually. And then people complain about modifying a specific gene by targetted tools…
Absolutely, there are thousands of cultivars that were created via mutagenesis (and all of them qualify for organic food, because this isn’t GMO for some reason)
But quite few followed the old “chuck some cobalt in a circle of crops and see what happens” method they used for grapefruit.
Commies! They’re in your fruits!
Commies and fruits have been bedfellows for a long time.
From what I read, red grapefruit like Ruby Red existed naturally, but the atomic mutations only made them more red / not fade over time.
So that’s where Oxygen Not Included got the idea from.
